Just two weeks before the presidential election, yet another team of RAND researchers released a short paper that seemingly contradicted Grissmer et al.’s celebration of Texas’s achievement gains on the NAEP. RAND II found only small NAEP achievement gains in Texas, similar to those nationwide and contrasting sharply with “soaring” scores on the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills (TAAS). These disparities, the authors suggested, point to potentially serious flaws in Texas’s state-run testing program.